Data Template: Accounts Payable Invoice Processing

Oracle Fusion Financials
Data Template: Accounts Payable Invoice Processing

Your Accounts Payable Invoice Processing Data Template

This template provides a comprehensive guide to collecting the right data for your Accounts Payable Invoice Processing analysis. It outlines the essential attributes and activities needed to build an accurate event log, along with practical guidance for data extraction. Use this resource to ensure you capture all critical information for effective process mining.
  • Recommended attributes to collect
  • Key activities to track
  • Extraction guidance for Oracle Fusion Financials
New to event logs? Learn how to create a process mining event log.

Accounts Payable Invoice Processing Attributes

These are the recommended data fields to include in your event log for a comprehensive analysis of your accounts payable invoice processing.
3 Required 8 Recommended 12 Optional
Name Description
Activity Name
ActivityName
The name of the specific process step or event that occurred.
Description

This attribute describes a single step in the invoice processing lifecycle, such as 'Invoice Created', 'Approval Initiated', or 'Payment Executed'. By sequencing these activities in time, process mining tools can reconstruct the end-to-end process flow for each invoice. Analyzing activities helps identify the most frequent paths, deviations, and rework loops within the process.

Why it matters

It forms the core of the process map, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the process flow, identification of deviations, and measurement of step-specific performance.

Where to get

This is typically derived from status changes, event tables, or audit logs within Oracle Fusion Financials. It may require mapping from various source tables and fields.

Examples
Invoice ValidatedHold PlacedInvoice ApprovedPayment Executed
Event Time
EventTime
The timestamp indicating when the activity occurred.
Description

This attribute provides the exact date and time for each activity in the process. It is fundamental for ordering events chronologically and calculating durations between steps. This data allows for performance analysis, such as identifying bottlenecks by measuring waiting times, calculating cycle times for specific stages (like approvals), and monitoring SLA compliance.

Why it matters

It is critical for calculating all time-based metrics, including cycle times and waiting times, which are essential for identifying bottlenecks and measuring process efficiency.

Where to get

This corresponds to creation dates, last update dates, or specific event timestamps in various Oracle Fusion tables (e.g., LAST_UPDATE_DATE, CREATION_DATE, APPROVAL_DATE).

Examples
2023-10-26T10:00:00Z2023-11-15T14:35:10Z2024-01-05T09:12:45Z
Invoice
InvoiceId
The unique identifier for each invoice processed.
Description

The 'Invoice' serves as the primary case identifier, linking all activities from the moment an invoice is received until its final payment. Each unique InvoiceId represents a single end-to-end process instance, allowing for a complete analysis of each invoice's journey through the Accounts Payable process. It is the backbone of the process analysis, connecting all related events and attributes.

Why it matters

It is essential for tracking each invoice's lifecycle from start to finish, enabling the analysis of process variants, bottlenecks, and overall throughput.

Where to get

This is typically the INVOICE_ID or INVOICE_NUM from the AP_INVOICES_ALL table in Oracle Fusion Financials.

Examples
INV-987657334001APO-INV-2023-005
Due Date
DueDate
The date by which the invoice payment is due.
Description

The calculated date by which the invoice must be paid to avoid late fees and maintain good vendor relationships, based on the invoice date and payment terms. This is a critical attribute for monitoring on-time payment performance and managing cash flow. The 'On-Time Payment Rate' KPI is directly calculated by comparing the 'Payment Date' to this 'Due Date'.

Why it matters

Essential for measuring on-time payment rates, managing cash flow, and avoiding late payment penalties. It is a key field for payment policy compliance.

Where to get

This may be a direct field in a payment schedule table (e.g., AP_PAYMENT_SCHEDULES_ALL) or calculated based on INVOICE_DATE and payment terms.

Examples
2023-11-142023-12-012024-01-19
End Time
EndTime
The timestamp of the final activity for the invoice.
Description

Represents the timestamp of the terminal event in the invoice's lifecycle, such as 'Payment Cleared' or 'Invoice Cancelled'. This attribute is typically derived by finding the latest 'EventTime' for each 'InvoiceId'. It is essential for calculating the total end-to-end processing time of an invoice.

Why it matters

Enables the calculation of the total end-to-end cycle time for each invoice, a fundamental KPI for measuring overall process efficiency.

Where to get

This is a calculated attribute, derived by finding the maximum EventTime for each case (InvoiceId) in the dataset.

Examples
2023-10-30T11:00:00Z2023-11-20T16:45:00Z2024-01-10T10:20:30Z
Invoice Amount
InvoiceAmount
The total monetary value of the invoice.
Description

This attribute represents the total amount due on the invoice. It is a fundamental metric for financial analysis and for prioritizing invoices. Analyzing invoice amount can reveal if high-value invoices are processed differently or experience more delays than low-value ones. It's also key for dashboards related to cash flow forecasting and duplicate payment analysis.

Why it matters

Allows for financial impact analysis, such as prioritizing high-value invoices, analyzing processing time by value, and calculating the financial impact of delays.

Where to get

Sourced from the INVOICE_AMOUNT field in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table.

Examples
5400.50125000.00750.25
Invoice Status
InvoiceStatus
The current or final status of the invoice.
Description

Indicates the current state of an invoice within the process, such as 'Validated', 'Pending Approval', 'Paid', or 'Cancelled'. This attribute provides a snapshot of where an invoice is in its lifecycle, which is useful for operational dashboards. Analyzing the final status helps understand process outcomes, such as the rate of cancelled or rejected invoices.

Why it matters

Provides a quick overview of the invoice's outcome and current state, helping to analyze exception rates (e.g., cancellations) and process efficiency.

Where to get

This can be derived from the status field in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table or from the payment status in AP_PAYMENT_SCHEDULES_ALL.

Examples
ValidatedPaidCancelledNeeds Revalidation
Payment Date
PaymentDate
The date when the payment for the invoice was executed.
Description

This attribute records the date on which the payment was actually made. It is used to confirm the completion of the AP process for an invoice. Comparing the Payment Date against the Due Date is fundamental for calculating the on-time payment rate and analyzing early payment discount capture. This is a key data point for treasury and cash flow management.

Why it matters

Allows for the calculation of on-time payment KPIs and analysis of early payment discount realization, directly impacting cash flow management.

Where to get

Sourced from payment tables such as AP_INVOICE_PAYMENTS_ALL, specifically a field like ACCOUNTING_DATE or CHECK_DATE.

Examples
2023-11-132023-12-052024-01-19
Purchase Order Number
PurchaseOrderNumber
The identifier for the purchase order associated with the invoice.
Description

The unique number of the purchase order (PO) that authorized the procurement of goods or services. This attribute is fundamental for analyzing the three-way matching process (PO vs. Goods Receipt vs. Invoice). A high rate of discrepancies for invoices linked to POs can indicate issues in the procurement or receiving departments. Analyzing invoices with and without POs can also reveal different process behaviors.

Why it matters

Crucial for analyzing the 3-way matching process, identifying matching discrepancies, and understanding differences between PO-backed and non-PO invoices.

Where to get

This information is typically available by joining invoice line tables (e.g., AP_INVOICE_LINES_ALL) with PO tables (e.g., PO_HEADERS_ALL).

Examples
PO-10056982347null
User
User
The user ID or name of the person who performed the activity.
Description

Identifies the employee or system user responsible for executing a particular process step. This could be the AP clerk who entered the invoice, the manager who approved it, or the payment specialist who executed the payment. Analyzing by user helps identify training needs, workload distribution, and performance variations among team members. It is also crucial for compliance and audit trail purposes.

Why it matters

Enables analysis of workload, team performance, and identification of individual bottlenecks or training opportunities. It is also vital for auditability.

Where to get

Sourced from user-related fields like CREATED_BY or LAST_UPDATED_BY in various tables, or from specific workflow or approval history tables.

Examples
john.doejane.smithap.clerk1
Vendor Name
VendorName
The name of the supplier or vendor who submitted the invoice.
Description

Identifies the vendor associated with the invoice. This is a critical dimension for analysis, as it allows for segmenting the process performance by supplier. For example, one can analyze which vendors have the highest rate of invoice holds, longest processing times, or are most often associated with matching discrepancies. This helps in managing supplier relationships and identifying systemic issues with specific vendors.

Why it matters

Enables performance analysis by vendor, helping to identify issues specific to certain suppliers, such as frequent delays, discrepancies, or holds.

Where to get

Typically sourced from the VENDOR_NAME field in the POZ_SUPPLIERS or related vendor tables, joined via VENDOR_ID in AP_INVOICES_ALL.

Examples
Global Office Supplies Inc.Innovate Tech ServicesReliable Logistics Co.
Approver
Approver
The individual who approved the invoice for payment.
Description

Identifies the user or manager who provided the final or a key approval for the invoice. This attribute is essential for the 'Invoice Approval Cycle Time' dashboard, which segments approval times by approver. Analyzing this data can reveal bottlenecks in the approval hierarchy, highlight individuals with high workloads, and ensure compliance with delegation of authority policies.

Why it matters

Critical for analyzing the approval workflow, identifying bottlenecks caused by specific approvers, and auditing compliance with approval policies.

Where to get

This information is typically stored in Oracle's workflow tables (e.g., related to the approval management engine - AME) or audit history tables.

Examples
s.jonesm.riverad.chen
Business Unit
BusinessUnit
The business unit or operating unit responsible for the invoice.
Description

Identifies the specific business unit, department, or cost center that incurred the expense. This is a critical dimension for organizational analysis, allowing process performance to be compared across different parts of the company. It helps to pinpoint if process issues like long approval times or high exception rates are concentrated in specific business units, guiding targeted improvement efforts.

Why it matters

Enables performance benchmarking across different organizational units, helping to identify department-specific bottlenecks or compliance issues.

Where to get

This information is often found in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table as ORG_ID, which can be joined with HR organization tables for the business unit name.

Examples
North America SalesEuropean OperationsCorporate HQ Finance
Hold Reason
HoldReason
The reason an invoice was placed on hold.
Description

When an invoice is prevented from proceeding to payment, a hold is placed on it. This attribute captures the specific reason for that hold, such as 'Price Mismatch', 'Quantity Discrepancy', or 'Awaiting Goods Receipt'. Analyzing hold reasons is key to identifying the root causes of process interruptions and delays. It directly supports dashboards that monitor exceptions and rework.

Why it matters

Pinpoints the root causes of payment delays and invoice exceptions, providing actionable insights for process improvement and vendor communication.

Where to get

Sourced from tables like AP_HOLDS_ALL, which links to the invoice and contains a hold reason or code.

Examples
Price MismatchQuantity Billed Exceeds Quantity ReceivedDuplicate Invoice
Invoice Currency
InvoiceCurrency
The currency of the invoice amount.
Description

Specifies the currency in which the invoice is denominated (e.g., USD, EUR, GBP). This is essential for analyses involving multiple countries or currencies. It provides necessary context for the Invoice Amount and ensures that financial metrics are interpreted correctly. For global organizations, it's a key attribute for filtering and segmenting financial data.

Why it matters

Provides essential context for the 'Invoice Amount', enabling accurate financial analysis and reporting, especially in multi-national operations.

Where to get

Sourced from the INVOICE_CURRENCY_CODE field in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table.

Examples
USDEURGBPJPY
Invoice Date
InvoiceDate
The date stated on the vendor's invoice.
Description

This is the date the invoice was issued by the vendor. It is the starting point for determining the payment due date based on the agreed payment terms. Comparing the Invoice Date to the date it was entered into the system ('Invoice Created' activity) reveals delays in invoice submission or receipt processing. This analysis helps identify front-end bottlenecks that can impact on-time payments and discount capture.

Why it matters

Serves as the baseline for calculating payment due dates and identifying delays between when an invoice is issued and when it enters the AP process.

Where to get

Sourced from the INVOICE_DATE field in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table.

Examples
2023-10-152023-11-012023-12-20
Invoice Processing Time
InvoiceProcessingTime
The total time taken to process an invoice from start to finish.
Description

This calculated metric measures the duration from the first event (e.g., 'Invoice Created') to the last event ('EndTime') for each invoice. It is the primary KPI for measuring end-to-end process efficiency. Analyzing this duration helps to identify which types of invoices (e.g., by vendor, amount, or business unit) take the longest to process and provides a baseline for improvement initiatives.

Why it matters

Directly measures the end-to-end efficiency of the AP process, helping to quantify bottlenecks and track the impact of improvement efforts over time.

Where to get

Calculated by subtracting the earliest EventTime from the latest EventTime (EndTime) for each InvoiceId.

Examples
10 days 4 hours35 days 11 hours5 days 2 hours
Is On Time Payment
IsOnTimePayment
A flag indicating if the invoice was paid by its due date.
Description

A boolean flag (True/False) derived by comparing the 'Payment Date' to the 'Due Date'. If the payment date is on or before the due date, the value is True. This attribute directly supports the calculation of the 'On-Time Payment Rate' KPI and is crucial for monitoring payment policy compliance and managing vendor relationships.

Why it matters

Directly measures adherence to payment terms, which is critical for vendor relationships, financial planning, and avoiding late fees.

Where to get

This is a calculated attribute derived from other fields. The logic is: IF PaymentDate <= DueDate THEN true ELSE false.

Examples
truefalse
Is Rework
IsRework
A flag indicating if the invoice has undergone rework.
Description

A boolean flag (True/False) that identifies invoices that have experienced rework loops, such as repeated validation steps, or moving from a later process stage back to an earlier one (e.g., from 'Pending Approval' back to 'Needs Revalidation'). This is typically derived by analyzing the sequence of activities. It is essential for quantifying the 'Invoice Rework Rate' and understanding process inefficiencies.

Why it matters

Quantifies the frequency of inefficient rework loops, helping to identify the root causes of process exceptions and wasted effort.

Where to get

This is a calculated attribute. It is derived by analyzing the sequence of activities for each case to detect repeated steps or backward movements in the process flow.

Examples
truefalse
Last Data Update
LastUpdateDate
The timestamp of the last data refresh.
Description

This attribute indicates the most recent time the data for this process was extracted from the source system. It is a metadata field applied to the entire dataset during each refresh. This information is crucial for users to understand the freshness of the data and the time window covered by the analysis. It ensures transparency and helps in interpreting the findings correctly.

Why it matters

Informs users about the timeliness of the data, ensuring they understand the period covered by the analysis and when the last update occurred.

Where to get

This value is generated and stamped on the dataset at the time of data extraction.

Examples
2024-03-10T05:00:00Z2024-03-11T05:00:00Z
Matching Status
MatchingStatus
Indicates the outcome of the invoice matching process.
Description

Shows the result of the validation process where the invoice is matched against a purchase order and goods receipt (for 3-way matching). Possible statuses include 'Matched', 'Partially Matched', or 'Failed'. This attribute is the basis for the '3-Way Matching Failure Rate' KPI and the associated discrepancy analysis dashboard. It helps diagnose issues in the procurement-to-pay cycle.

Why it matters

Directly measures the success of the automated matching process, highlighting discrepancies that lead to manual rework and payment delays.

Where to get

This status is often found on the invoice header or line level within tables like AP_INVOICES_ALL or AP_INVOICE_LINES_ALL.

Examples
SuccessFailure - Price MismatchFailure - Quantity MismatchNot Required
Payment Terms
PaymentTerms
The agreed-upon terms for invoice payment with the vendor.
Description

Defines the conditions under which a vendor must be paid, such as 'Net 30' or '2% 10, Net 30'. This attribute is the basis for calculating the invoice Due Date and identifying opportunities for early payment discounts. Analyzing payment terms helps in cash flow planning and is crucial for the 'Early Payment Discount Realization' dashboard to measure how effectively the company is capturing available discounts.

Why it matters

Directly impacts cash flow and profitability by determining payment schedules and eligibility for early payment discounts.

Where to get

Available in the AP_TERMS_TL or AP_TERMS_B tables, linked from the AP_INVOICES_ALL table.

Examples
Net 30Net 602% 10, Net 30
Source System
SourceSystem
The system from which the data was extracted.
Description

This attribute identifies the origin of the data, which is typically 'Oracle Fusion Financials' for this process. In environments with multiple systems (e.g., a separate OCR scanning system), this field helps distinguish the source of different events. It ensures data lineage and provides context, especially when integrating data from various platforms.

Why it matters

Provides crucial context about data origin, ensuring traceability and helping to manage data integration from potentially multiple systems.

Where to get

This is usually a static value defined during the data extraction setup.

Examples
Oracle Fusion FinancialsOracle EBS R12Fusion Cloud AP
Required Recommended Optional

Accounts Payable Invoice Processing Activities

These are the key process steps and milestones to capture in your event log for accurate process discovery and bottleneck identification.
6 Recommended 7 Optional
Activity Description
Invoice Approved
Represents the final approval of the invoice, authorizing it for payment. This key milestone is inferred from the workflow status field being updated to a terminal approved state.
Why it matters

A critical milestone that concludes the approval cycle. It is essential for calculating 'Invoice Approval Cycle Time' and identifying approver-related bottlenecks.

Where to get

Inferred from the WFAPPROVAL_STATUS column in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table changing to 'Manually Approved', 'Workflow Approved', or a similar final approval status.

Capture

Change in AP_INVOICES_ALL.WFAPPROVAL_STATUS to an approved state.

Event type inferred
Invoice Created
Represents the initial creation of an invoice record in the system, either through manual entry, scanning (OCR), or electronic data interchange (EDI). This event is captured when a new record is inserted into the primary invoice table.
Why it matters

This is the definitive start of the invoice processing lifecycle. Analyzing the time from this event to others reveals upstream delays and overall process duration.

Where to get

This is an explicit event captured from the creation timestamp of the invoice record in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table, typically using the CREATION_DATE column.

Capture

Record creation timestamp in AP_INVOICES_ALL table.

Event type explicit
Invoice Validated
This activity marks the successful completion of the system's automated validation checks on the invoice data, such as format correctness and matching to a supplier. It is captured by tracking changes in the invoice's validation status field.
Why it matters

Indicates the invoice is ready for further processing, like matching or approval. Delays before this step suggest data entry issues, supporting the 'Invoice Data Entry Error Analysis' dashboard.

Where to get

Inferred from the VALIDATION_STATUS column in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table changing to 'Validated'. An audit trail or history table on this field provides the timestamp.

Capture

Change in AP_INVOICES_ALL.VALIDATION_STATUS to 'Validated'.

Event type inferred
Payment Cleared
The final activity in the process, confirming that the payment has cleared the bank. This event is typically captured via status updates from Oracle Cash Management after bank reconciliation.
Why it matters

This is the true end of the end-to-end process, providing the most accurate data for 'Average Invoice Cycle Time'. It closes the loop on the entire financial transaction.

Where to get

Inferred from the payment status being updated to 'CLEARED' in the AP_CHECKS_ALL table. The CLEARED_DATE column provides the timestamp for this event.

Capture

CLEARED_DATE is populated in AP_CHECKS_ALL table.

Event type inferred
Payment Executed
Represents the moment the payment is created and issued to the supplier. This is an explicit event captured by the creation of a payment record linked to the invoice.
Why it matters

A crucial milestone for measuring 'On-Time Payment Rate' and 'End-to-End Invoice Throughput'. It signifies that the company has fulfilled its financial obligation.

Where to get

This is an explicit event recorded by the creation of a linking record in the AP_INVOICE_PAYMENTS_ALL table. The ACCOUNTING_DATE or CREATION_DATE can be used as the timestamp.

Capture

Record creation in AP_INVOICE_PAYMENTS_ALL linking an invoice to a payment.

Event type explicit
Payment Scheduled
Marks the point where an approved invoice is included in a Payment Process Request (PPR) or payment batch, but not yet paid. It is captured when payment schedule records are finalized.
Why it matters

This activity bridges the gap between approval and actual payment. Analyzing the time spent in this stage is important for cash flow forecasting and management.

Where to get

Inferred from the checkrun_id being populated in the AP_PAYMENT_SCHEDULES_ALL table for the invoice. The creation date of the PPR can serve as the timestamp.

Capture

Invoice association with a Payment Process Request (PPR).

Event type inferred
Approval Initiated
Signifies that the invoice has entered the approval workflow and has been routed to the first approver. This is inferred from a change in the invoice's workflow status.
Why it matters

This activity starts the clock for the 'Invoice Approval Cycle Time' KPI. It helps differentiate waiting-for-data time from waiting-for-approver time.

Where to get

Inferred from the WFAPPROVAL_STATUS in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table changing from a pre-workflow status to 'Initiated' or a similar pending state.

Capture

Change in AP_INVOICES_ALL.WFAPPROVAL_STATUS to 'Initiated'.

Event type inferred
Early Payment Taken
A calculated event indicating that a payment was executed early to capture a discount. This is derived by comparing the actual payment date against the discount terms stored in the payment schedule.
Why it matters

Directly supports the 'Early Payment Discount Realization' dashboard. It helps quantify the financial benefits of an efficient AP process and identifies missed opportunities.

Where to get

Calculated by comparing the payment date (from AP_INVOICE_PAYMENTS_ALL) with the discount date fields (DISCOUNT_DATE) in the AP_PAYMENT_SCHEDULES_ALL table.

Capture

Compare payment execution date to discount eligibility date.

Event type calculated
Hold Placed
Indicates that a hold has been placed on the invoice, preventing it from being paid. This is an explicit event captured when a hold record is created and associated with the invoice, often due to discrepancies or policy violations.
Why it matters

Directly identifies process exceptions and bottlenecks. Analyzing hold reasons and durations is key to understanding and resolving common processing issues.

Where to get

This is an explicit event recorded by the creation of a new entry in the AP_HOLDS_ALL table linked to the specific INVOICE_ID.

Capture

Record creation timestamp in AP_HOLDS_ALL table.

Event type explicit
Hold Released
Marks the resolution of an issue and the removal of a hold, allowing the invoice to proceed with the payment process. This is captured when the hold record is updated with release information.
Why it matters

Measures the time taken to resolve discrepancies. Paired with 'Hold Placed', this helps quantify the duration and impact of rework and exception handling.

Where to get

Inferred from the RELEASE_LOOKUP_CODE and LAST_UPDATE_DATE columns being populated in the AP_HOLDS_ALL table for an existing hold record.

Capture

Update timestamp on AP_HOLDS_ALL record with release details.

Event type inferred
Invoice Cancelled
Represents the termination of the invoice process before payment. This is an explicit action captured when a user cancels the invoice, populating a cancellation date.
Why it matters

A terminal, non-successful end state for an invoice. Analyzing the frequency and reasons for cancellations can highlight upstream issues in procurement or vendor management.

Where to get

Inferred from the CANCELLED_DATE column being populated in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table. The date itself serves as the event timestamp.

Capture

CANCELLED_DATE is populated in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table.

Event type inferred
Invoice Rejected
Indicates that an approver has rejected the invoice, halting the process and typically requiring correction and resubmission. This is captured as a status change within the approval workflow.
Why it matters

Highlights a significant rework loop in the process. Analyzing rejection frequency and reasons can uncover policy misunderstandings or systemic data issues.

Where to get

Inferred from the WFAPPROVAL_STATUS column in the AP_INVOICES_ALL table changing to 'Rejected'. Workflow history tables may provide more detail.

Capture

Change in AP_INVOICES_ALL.WFAPPROVAL_STATUS to 'Rejected'.

Event type inferred
Matching Performed
Represents the system or user action of matching the invoice to a Purchase Order (PO) and/or Goods Receipt Note (GRN). This event is captured when the matching status on the invoice is updated.
Why it matters

A crucial step for PO-based invoices that directly impacts the 'Three-Way Matching Discrepancy Trends' analysis. Failures or delays here are a major source of process bottlenecks.

Where to get

Inferred from the update of the WFAPPROVAL_STATUS or a similar matching status field in AP_INVOICES_ALL indicating a matching attempt has occurred.

Capture

Timestamp of status change related to PO matching.

Event type inferred
Recommended Optional

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