Your Lead to Cash Data Template
Your Lead to Cash Data Template
- Recommended attributes for data collection
- Key activities to track for process discovery
- Practical guidance for data extraction
Lead to Cash Attributes
| Name | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Activity
ActivityName
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The name of the business activity or event that occurred at a specific point in the sales process. | ||
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Description
This attribute describes a specific step or milestone within the Lead to Cash process, such as 'Quote Created' or 'Payment Received'. Each activity represents a distinct event in the lifecycle of a sales opportunity. Analyzing the sequence and frequency of these activities is the core of process mining. It reveals the actual process flows, helps identify common and alternative paths (variants), and pinpoints where rework or bottlenecks occur. This analysis is crucial for understanding process adherence and efficiency.
Why it matters
Defines the steps in the process map, which is the foundation of all process mining analysis for discovering inefficiencies and deviations.
Where to get
This attribute is typically derived from various events related to the Opportunity, Quote, Order, and Invoice entities within Dynamics 365. It often requires logic to map status changes or record creation events to standardized activity names.
Examples
Opportunity CreatedQuote Sent to CustomerContract SignedPayment Received
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Sales Opportunity
SalesOpportunity
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The unique identifier for a sales opportunity, serving as the primary case ID for the Lead to Cash process. | ||
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Description
The Sales Opportunity ID uniquely identifies each potential sale as it progresses through the sales funnel. It acts as the central thread that connects all related activities, from the initial creation of the opportunity to the final payment collection. In process mining, this attribute is fundamental for reconstructing the end-to-end journey of each sales case. It allows for the analysis of the entire process flow, calculation of total cycle times, and comparison of different paths that opportunities take, ultimately enabling the identification of inefficiencies and bottlenecks from lead qualification to cash receipt.
Why it matters
This is the essential Case ID that links all process events together, making it possible to trace the full lifecycle of each sales deal.
Where to get
This is the primary key of the Opportunity entity, typically the 'opportunityid' field.
Examples
OPP-01532-A3B1C7OPP-01533-F8D2E5OPP-01534-G9H3I4
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Start Time
ActivityStartTime
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The timestamp indicating when a specific activity or event began. | ||
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Description
This attribute records the date and time that an activity occurred. It is the primary temporal component used in process mining to order events chronologically and calculate durations. The Start Time is essential for all time-based analyses, including calculating cycle times between activities, identifying delays, and measuring overall process performance. It enables the creation of a dynamic process animation and helps in understanding the temporal distribution of work.
Why it matters
This timestamp is critical for ordering events and calculating all performance metrics, such as cycle times and wait times.
Where to get
This is typically the 'createdon' or 'modifiedon' timestamp from the relevant entity (Opportunity, Quote, SalesOrder, Invoice) corresponding to the activity.
Examples
2023-04-15T10:00:00Z2023-04-25T14:30:00Z2023-05-10T11:20:00Z
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Last Data Update
LastDataUpdate
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Timestamp of the last data refresh from the source system. | ||
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Description
This attribute indicates the date and time when the data was last extracted from Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales and loaded into the process mining tool. It provides a reference point for the freshness of the data being analyzed. Understanding the data's timeliness is critical for ensuring that analyses and conclusions are relevant and based on up-to-date information. It helps users trust the insights and make informed decisions based on the current state of the process.
Why it matters
Indicates the freshness of the data, ensuring that analyses are current and relevant for decision-making.
Where to get
This timestamp is generated by the data extraction and loading process itself.
Examples
2024-07-27T02:00:00Z2024-07-28T02:00:00Z
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Source System
SourceSystem
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The system from which the data was extracted. | ||
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Description
This attribute identifies the source application where the event data originated. For this process, it will consistently be Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales. In environments with multiple integrated systems, this field is crucial for data lineage and troubleshooting. It helps in understanding the context of the data and ensures that analyses are based on information from the correct source.
Why it matters
Provides critical context about data origin, essential for data governance, validation, and managing integrations.
Where to get
This is a static value that should be populated during the data extraction process to label the source of the records.
Examples
Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales
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Customer
CustomerId
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The customer account associated with the sales opportunity. | ||
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Description
This attribute identifies the prospective or existing customer for whom the opportunity is being pursued. It links the sales process to a specific account in the CRM system. Analyzing the process by customer or customer segment allows for a deeper understanding of how different types of customers interact with the sales process. It can reveal if certain customers have longer cycle times, require more rework, or have higher win rates. This information is valuable for tailoring sales approaches and managing customer relationships.
Why it matters
Enables analysis of process performance for specific customers or customer segments, helping to tailor sales strategies.
Where to get
This is the 'customerid' lookup field on the Opportunity entity, which links to an Account or Contact record.
Examples
Contoso LtdAdventure WorksFabrikam, Inc.
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End Time
ActivityEndTime
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The timestamp indicating when a specific activity or event was completed. Often the same as the Start Time for atomic events. | ||
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Description
The End Time marks the completion of an activity. For instantaneous events like 'Invoice Generated', the End Time is often the same as the Start Time. For activities with a measurable duration, such as a manual review step, this timestamp captures when the work was finished. This attribute is used to calculate the processing time of individual activities. By comparing the End Time of one activity with the Start Time of the next, it's possible to analyze both the active work time (processing time) and the idle time (wait time) within the process.
Why it matters
Enables the calculation of activity processing times, distinguishing active work time from waiting time and providing a more granular view of process performance.
Where to get
For instantaneous events, this is the same as the Start Time. For activities with a duration, it may need to be derived from a subsequent timestamp or status change.
Examples
2023-04-15T10:00:00Z2023-04-25T15:00:00Z2023-05-10T11:25:00Z
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Lead Source
LeadSource
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The source from which the initial lead was generated. | ||
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Description
This attribute indicates the origin of the lead that initiated the sales opportunity, such as 'Web', 'Partner', 'Trade Show', or 'Advertisement'. It tracks the effectiveness of different marketing channels and lead generation strategies. In process mining, analyzing by Lead Source is crucial for the 'Lead Conversion Performance' dashboard. It helps calculate the Lead to Opportunity Conversion Rate for each channel and identify which sources produce the most valuable leads or have the fastest qualification times. These insights are vital for optimizing marketing spend and sales focus.
Why it matters
Helps evaluate the performance of different marketing channels in generating quality leads, directly supporting lead conversion analysis.
Where to get
This is typically the 'leadsourcecode' field on the Lead entity, which is then transferred to the Opportunity upon qualification.
Examples
WebPartnerTrade ShowReferral
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Opportunity Owner
OwnerId
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The sales representative or user responsible for the opportunity. | ||
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Description
The Opportunity Owner is the individual user in Microsoft Dynamics 365 Sales assigned to manage and advance the sales opportunity. This user is typically responsible for the majority of activities related to the case. Analyzing the process by owner helps to compare performance across different sales representatives, teams, or departments. It can reveal best practices from top performers, identify coaching opportunities for others, and understand how workload distribution impacts process efficiency and outcomes.
Why it matters
Allows for performance analysis by user or team, helping to identify top performers and diagnose issues related to specific individuals or groups.
Where to get
This is the 'ownerid' field on the Opportunity entity, which links to a User or Team record.
Examples
John DoeJane SmithEMEA Sales Team
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Opportunity Status
OpportunityStatus
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The final outcome of the sales opportunity, such as Won or Lost. | ||
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Description
This attribute captures the terminal state of a sales opportunity. The primary outcomes are typically 'Won', indicating a successful sale, or 'Lost', indicating that the deal did not close. Analyzing by outcome is fundamental to understanding what process patterns lead to success versus failure. By filtering cases by status, one can compare cycle times, activities, and user involvement for won versus lost deals. This is key for calculating the Opportunity Win Rate KPI and identifying behaviors that correlate with positive outcomes.
Why it matters
Distinguishes between successful and unsuccessful outcomes, enabling comparative analysis to identify what process behaviors lead to wins.
Where to get
This corresponds to the 'statecode' (Status) and 'statuscode' (Status Reason) fields on the Opportunity entity.
Examples
WonLostIn Progress
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Opportunity Value
OpportunityValue
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The estimated or actual monetary value of the sales opportunity. | ||
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Description
This attribute represents the potential or final revenue associated with a sales opportunity. It may start as an estimated value and be updated to the actual contract value when the deal is won. This is a critical dimension for analysis, as not all opportunities are equal. By segmenting the process based on deal size, companies can see if larger deals follow different processes or take longer to close. It also allows for prioritizing process improvement efforts on high-value segments of the business.
Why it matters
Provides financial context, allowing for analysis based on deal size and prioritization of process improvements for high-value opportunities.
Where to get
Typically found in fields like 'estimatedvalue' (Est. Revenue) or 'actualvalue' (Actual Revenue) on the Opportunity entity.
Examples
50000.00125000.0025000.00
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Region
Region
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The geographical region or territory where the customer is located. | ||
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Description
This attribute specifies the geographic area associated with the sales opportunity, such as 'North America', 'EMEA', or 'APAC'. It is often derived from the customer's address information. Region is a key dimension for comparative analysis. It is used in dashboards like 'Invoice Generation And Delivery Time' to see if there are regional variations in process performance. Such analysis can uncover differences caused by local regulations, team performance, or market conditions, informing geographically-targeted process improvements.
Why it matters
Allows for geographical segmentation of the process, highlighting regional differences in performance, compliance, and customer behavior.
Where to get
This data is typically stored on the related Account or Contact entity, in fields like 'address1_country' or a custom 'Region' field.
Examples
North AmericaEMEAAPACLATAM
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Sales Stage
SalesStage
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The stage of the opportunity within the defined sales process pipeline. | ||
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Description
The Sales Stage represents the specific phase an opportunity is in, such as 'Qualify', 'Develop', 'Propose', or 'Close'. These stages provide a high-level overview of the sales pipeline and progress. While process mining derives detailed activities from timestamps, the Sales Stage provides valuable business context. It is used in the 'Overall Sales Cycle Time Analysis' dashboard to segment the process and understand how much time is spent in each major stage. This helps identify which stages are the longest and where opportunities tend to get stuck.
Why it matters
Provides business context about the opportunity's progress, allowing for analysis of time spent in each phase of the sales pipeline.
Where to get
This information is derived from the 'stepname' field related to the Business Process Flow associated with the Opportunity entity.
Examples
1-Qualify2-Develop3-Propose4-Close
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Contract Type
ContractType
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The type of legal contract associated with the sale, such as 'New Business' or 'Renewal'. | ||
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Description
This attribute categorizes the contract associated with a sales opportunity. Different types of contracts, like a new customer agreement versus a renewal or an upsell, may follow different approval and signature processes. The 'Contract Signing Cycle Time' dashboard uses this attribute to segment analysis. By comparing the signing times for different contract types, a business can identify if renewals are processed faster than new contracts, or if complex custom contracts create significant delays. This helps target improvements to the contract management process.
Why it matters
Helps to analyze and optimize the contract signing phase by identifying if certain types of contracts cause delays in the process.
Where to get
This would likely be a custom field on the Opportunity or Contract entity, as it is specific to business needs.
Examples
New BusinessRenewalExpansionMaster Service Agreement
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Discount Percentage
DiscountPercentage
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The discount percentage applied to the quote or order. | ||
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Description
This attribute captures the total discount offered on a sales quote or order as a percentage of the list price. It is a key metric for monitoring sales margins and pricing discipline. The 'Quote Management And Discount Compliance' dashboard uses this attribute to analyze discounting behavior. By visualizing the distribution of discounts, management can identify excessive or unauthorized discounting, assess the impact of discounts on win rates, and ensure compliance with pricing policies.
Why it matters
Crucial for analyzing pricing strategy and discount compliance, helping to understand the impact of discounts on profitability and win rates.
Where to get
Located on the Quote ('discountpercentage') and SalesOrder ('discountpercentage') entities.
Examples
0.050.100.15
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Is Rework
IsRework
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A flag indicating if an activity is a repetition or rework within the same case. | ||
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Description
This boolean attribute is a calculated field that identifies when an activity or a sequence of activities is repeated within a single sales opportunity. For example, if a quote is created, rejected, and then a new quote is created, the second 'Quote Created' activity would be flagged as rework. Identifying rework is crucial for the 'Process Variant And Rework Analysis' dashboard. It helps quantify the extent of inefficiency in the process by highlighting loops and repeated steps. Understanding where and why rework occurs is the first step toward simplifying the process, reducing wasted effort, and accelerating the sales cycle.
Why it matters
Directly flags process inefficiencies and loops, helping to quantify the cost of rework and identify opportunities for process simplification.
Where to get
This is a calculated attribute. It is derived within the process mining tool by analyzing the sequence of activities for each case.
Examples
truefalse
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Payment Terms
PaymentTerms
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The agreed-upon payment terms for the invoice, such as Net 30 or Net 60. | ||
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Description
This attribute specifies the conditions under which a customer is expected to pay for the goods or services rendered. It defines the timeframe for payment after the invoice is issued. For the 'Payment Collection Cycle Analysis' dashboard, this attribute is essential. It allows for segmenting payment collection times by the agreed terms, making it possible to identify which customers are chronically late payers and whether certain payment terms are associated with longer collection cycles. This helps in optimizing accounts receivable processes and managing cash flow.
Why it matters
Provides the baseline for analyzing payment performance, helping to identify late payments and assess the effectiveness of collection strategies.
Where to get
This is typically stored on the Invoice entity, often in a field named 'paymenttermscode'.
Examples
Net 30Net 60Due on receipt
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Processing Time
ProcessingTime
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The duration of an individual activity, calculated as the difference between its end and start time. | ||
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Description
Processing Time, or activity duration, measures the time spent actively working on a specific task. It is calculated by subtracting the Activity Start Time from the Activity End Time. This metric helps distinguish between active work time and idle/wait time. In analysis, it is used to identify which specific activities are the most time-consuming in the entire process. Pinpointing activities with long processing times is a key step toward streamlining operations and improving resource efficiency.
Why it matters
Measures the active work duration for activities, helping to pinpoint which specific tasks are the most time-consuming and are targets for optimization.
Where to get
This is a calculated field, derived by subtracting 'ActivityStartTime' from 'ActivityEndTime'.
Examples
8640036000
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Product Category
ProductCategory
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The category of the product or service being sold in the opportunity. | ||
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Description
This attribute classifies the main product or service associated with the sales opportunity. For example, 'Hardware', 'Software', or 'Professional Services'. Analyzing the process by Product Category is essential for the 'Order Fulfillment Performance' dashboard. It helps determine if certain types of products have longer sales cycles, different fulfillment processes, or lower win rates. This insight can lead to specialized sales processes for different product lines to improve efficiency.
Why it matters
Enables performance analysis based on what is being sold, which can reveal process variations and bottlenecks specific to certain products.
Where to get
This information is typically available from the Opportunity Product (opportunityproduct) entity associated with the Opportunity.
Examples
Cloud ServicesOn-Premise SoftwareConsulting Services
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Lead to Cash Activities
| Activity | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Opportunity Created
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Marks the beginning of the sales process for a specific potential deal. This event is captured when a new Sales Opportunity record is created, often as a result of qualifying a Lead. | ||
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Why it matters
This is the primary start activity for the Lead to Cash process analysis. It allows for measuring the total sales cycle time and analyzing the effectiveness of lead conversion.
Where to get
This is an explicit event captured from the creation timestamp of the Opportunity record in the Opportunity table.
Capture
Use the 'createdon' timestamp from the Opportunity entity.
Event type
explicit
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Opportunity Lost
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The sales opportunity was not successful and has been closed without a sale. This is captured when the opportunity's status is changed to 'Lost'. | ||
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Why it matters
This is the primary failure end activity. Analyzing these cases helps identify reasons for lost deals, points of churn in the sales funnel, and competitor effectiveness.
Where to get
Inferred from the timestamp when the 'statecode' on the Opportunity record is changed to 'Lost' (value 2).
Capture
Use the 'actualclosedate' field or 'modifiedon' timestamp when the Opportunity 'statuscode' is set to 'Lost'.
Event type
inferred
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Opportunity Won
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The sales opportunity has been successfully closed, resulting in a sale. This event is captured when the opportunity's status is changed to 'Won'. | ||
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Why it matters
This is the primary successful end activity for the sales process. It is used to calculate win rates, sales cycle times for successful deals, and overall sales performance.
Where to get
Inferred from the timestamp when the 'statecode' on the Opportunity record is changed to 'Won' (value 1). This is often done automatically when the associated quote or order is processed.
Capture
Use the 'actualclosedate' field or 'modifiedon' timestamp when the Opportunity 'statuscode' is set to 'Won'.
Event type
inferred
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Payment Received
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Full payment for the invoice has been received from the customer. This is captured when the status of the Invoice record is marked as 'Paid'. | ||
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Why it matters
This is a critical financial milestone representing revenue realization. Analyzing the time from invoice sent to payment received helps optimize the payment collection cycle.
Where to get
Inferred from the timestamp when the 'statecode' on the Invoice record changes to 'Paid' (value 2).
Capture
Use the 'modifiedon' timestamp when the Invoice 'statecode' is updated to 'Paid'.
Event type
inferred
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Quote Accepted by Customer
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The customer has formally agreed to the terms and pricing presented in the quote. This is captured when the salesperson updates the status of the Quote record to 'Won'. | ||
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Why it matters
This is a critical milestone indicating a firm commitment from the customer. It's essential for measuring quote-to-order conversion rates and the average quote approval time.
Where to get
Inferred from the timestamp when the 'statecode' on the Quote record is updated to 'Won' (value 2).
Capture
Use the 'modifiedon' timestamp when the Quote 'statecode' changes to 'Won'.
Event type
inferred
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Quote Created
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A formal price quote for products or services has been generated for the customer. This is captured when a new Quote record is created and linked to the Sales Opportunity. | ||
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Why it matters
This marks the transition from a conceptual proposal to a formal offer. The time between this and quote acceptance is critical for measuring quote management efficiency.
Where to get
An explicit event recorded as the creation date of a new record in the Quote entity, which has a lookup relationship to the parent Opportunity.
Capture
Use the 'createdon' timestamp from the Quote entity, linked to the Opportunity ID.
Event type
explicit
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Sales Order Created
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A sales order is formally created in the system to manage the fulfillment of the products or services sold. This is an explicit event, typically generated by converting a 'Won' Quote into an Order. | ||
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Why it matters
This marks the official handoff from sales to operations or fulfillment. It is the starting point for measuring order fulfillment cycle time and post-sale efficiency.
Where to get
This is an explicit event captured from the creation timestamp of the SalesOrder record, which is linked to the parent Opportunity.
Capture
Use the 'createdon' timestamp from the SalesOrder (Order) entity.
Event type
explicit
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Contract Signed
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A legally binding contract has been signed by both parties, finalizing the agreement. This event is often a manual update to the Opportunity or a related Contract entity, possibly triggered by an e-signature integration. | ||
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Why it matters
This activity is crucial for tracking the contract finalization cycle time. Delays at this stage can significantly impact revenue forecasting and project initiation.
Where to get
Inferred from a date field such as 'Contract Signed Date' being populated on the Opportunity, or a status change. This may require customization to exist.
Capture
Use the timestamp of a specific status change or the date a contract-related field is populated.
Event type
inferred
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Invoice Generated
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A customer invoice has been created based on the fulfilled sales order. This is an explicit event recorded when a new Invoice record is created in the system. | ||
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Why it matters
This activity starts the billing and payment collection cycle. The time from order fulfillment to invoice generation is a key indicator of billing process efficiency.
Where to get
This is an explicit event captured from the creation timestamp of the Invoice record, which is linked to the SalesOrder.
Capture
Use the 'createdon' timestamp from the Invoice entity.
Event type
explicit
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Invoice Sent to Customer
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The invoice has been delivered to the customer for payment. This is typically inferred from a status change on the Invoice record. | ||
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Why it matters
This starts the clock for payment terms and is the first step in measuring Days Sales Outstanding (DSO). Delays here directly impact cash flow.
Where to get
Inferred from a status change on the Invoice entity. While there is no standard 'Sent' status, a workflow often updates a custom field or status on this action.
Capture
Track a custom 'Sent Date' field or a status reason change on the Invoice record.
Event type
inferred
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Order Fulfilled
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All products in the sales order have been shipped or all services have been delivered to the customer. This is captured when the status of the SalesOrder record is updated to 'Fulfilled' or a similar state. | ||
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Why it matters
This activity concludes the delivery portion of the process. It is a key milestone for analyzing order fulfillment performance and is the trigger for invoicing.
Where to get
Inferred from the timestamp when the 'statecode' of the SalesOrder record changes to 'Fulfilled' (value 3).
Capture
Use the 'modifiedon' timestamp when the SalesOrder 'statecode' is updated to 'Fulfilled'.
Event type
inferred
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Quote Sent to Customer
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The generated quote has been formally delivered to the customer for review. This event is typically inferred when the status of the Quote record is changed to 'Active'. | ||
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Why it matters
This activity starts the clock on customer review and negotiation time. It is a key data point for analyzing quote approval cycles and identifying delays in customer response.
Where to get
Inferred from the timestamp when the 'statecode' on the Quote record changes to 'Active'.
Capture
Monitor the audit history or use a timestamp field updated by workflow when the Quote 'statecode' becomes 1 (Active).
Event type
inferred
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Requirements Identified
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Represents the point where the sales team has gathered and understood the customer's needs. This is typically captured by a salesperson updating a stage in the Business Process Flow or changing the opportunity status. | ||
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Why it matters
Tracking this stage helps identify how long it takes to move from initial contact to a viable proposal. Delays here can indicate issues with discovery calls or resource availability.
Where to get
Inferred from a change in the Opportunity's Business Process Flow stage to a 'Develop' or 'Propose' phase, or a custom status field update. The timestamp of the stage change is used.
Capture
Track changes to the 'stageid' in the Opportunity entity or related Business Process Flow entity.
Event type
inferred
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Solution Proposed
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This activity signifies that a formal solution or proposal has been presented to the potential customer. It is typically inferred when the opportunity moves to a 'Propose' stage in its lifecycle. | ||
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Why it matters
Analyzing the time spent before and after this activity helps evaluate the efficiency of the solution design and proposal generation steps. Repeated instances indicate rework in the sales cycle.
Where to get
Inferred from a status change on the Opportunity record or advancement to a 'Propose' stage in the associated Business Process Flow.
Capture
Use the timestamp of the status or stage change on the Opportunity entity.
Event type
inferred
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