Your Customer Service Data Template

Freshdesk
Your Customer Service Data Template

Your Customer Service Data Template

This template provides a comprehensive guide to the essential data attributes and process activities needed for effective customer service analysis. It also includes practical extraction guidance to help you gather your data efficiently. Use this resource to streamline your data collection and prepare for insightful process mining.
  • Recommended attributes to collect
  • Key activities to track
  • Extraction guidance
New to event logs? Learn how to create a process mining event log.

Customer Service Attributes

These are the recommended data fields to include in your event log for comprehensive customer service analysis and to gain deep insights.
3 Required 5 Recommended 12 Optional
Name Description
Activity
Activity
The name of a specific business event or step that occurred within the customer service process.
Description

The Activity attribute represents a distinct action or status change in the lifecycle of a service request. It records key business events such as 'Ticket Created', 'Ticket Assigned', 'First Response Sent', and 'Ticket Resolved'. These activities form the nodes in the process map.

Analyzing the sequence and frequency of these activities is the core of process mining. It allows for the visualization of process flows, identification of common and rare paths, and detection of deviations from the standard operating procedure. Understanding the activities is crucial for pinpointing inefficiencies, rework loops like 'Ticket Reopened', or compliance issues.

Why it matters

This attribute defines the steps in the process map, allowing for the visualization and analysis of the process flow from start to finish.

Where to get

Derived from event types within Freshdesk. This can be a combination of status changes from the 'Tickets' API endpoint and specific events like notes or replies from the 'Conversations' endpoint.

Examples
Ticket CreatedFirst Response SentStatus Changed to PendingTicket ResolvedTicket Closed
Event Time
EventTime
The timestamp indicating when a specific activity or event occurred.
Description

Event Time, or the timestamp, records the exact date and time that an activity took place. It is a critical component for ordering events chronologically and for calculating durations between different steps in the process. Every recorded activity must have a corresponding timestamp.

In analysis, this attribute is used to build the timeline of each service request. It is the foundation for calculating all time-related KPIs, such as resolution time, first response time, and the duration of bottlenecks. Accurate timestamps are essential for understanding process performance and identifying delays.

Why it matters

This timestamp is essential for ordering events chronologically and calculating all duration-based metrics, such as cycle times and SLA compliance.

Where to get

This corresponds to the 'created_at' or 'updated_at' fields associated with ticket events, replies, or status changes in the Freshdesk API.

Examples
2023-10-25T10:00:00Z2023-10-25T10:05:14Z2023-10-26T14:30:00Z
Service Request
ServiceRequest
The unique identifier for a single customer inquiry or issue, commonly known as a ticket or case.
Description

The Service Request is the primary case identifier that links all activities related to a single customer interaction. Each new customer inquiry, problem, or request generates a unique Service Request ID. This ID remains constant throughout the lifecycle of the ticket, from creation and assignment to resolution and closure.

In process mining, this attribute is fundamental for reconstructing the end-to-end journey of each customer case. By grouping all related events under a single Service Request ID, analysts can visualize process flows, measure cycle times, and identify variations or bottlenecks affecting individual cases.

Why it matters

This is the essential Case ID that connects all related events into a single process instance, enabling a complete view of each customer service journey.

Where to get

This is the primary ticket ID in Freshdesk, typically found as the 'id' field in the 'Tickets' API endpoint.

Examples
SR-2023-10-4831SR-2023-11-0192SR-2023-11-5210
Assigned Agent
AssignedAgent
The name or ID of the customer service agent responsible for the ticket at the time of the event.
Description

This attribute identifies the specific agent assigned to handle the service request. The assigned agent can change throughout the ticket's lifecycle due to reassignments or escalations.

Analyzing data by Assigned Agent is critical for performance management dashboards. It allows for the measurement of agent-specific KPIs like average resolution time, ticket volume, and re-opening rates. This helps identify top-performing agents, uncover training needs, and analyze the impact of agent transfers on overall resolution time.

Why it matters

Enables performance analysis by individual agent, helping to identify top performers, training opportunities, and the impact of reassignments.

Where to get

This corresponds to the 'responder_id' field in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object, which can then be joined with agent details.

Examples
Alice JohnsonRobert SmithMaria Garcia
Priority
Priority
The priority level assigned to the service request, such as 'Low', 'Medium', 'High', or 'Urgent'.
Description

The Priority attribute reflects the urgency of a service request and often dictates the target response and resolution times. Priority may be set automatically based on rules or manually by an agent during triage.

This attribute is essential for analyzing SLA compliance and resource allocation. By filtering the process map by priority, analysts can determine if high-priority tickets are truly being handled faster than low-priority ones. It also helps in understanding if priority changes, a form of rework, are common and what impact they have on the process.

Why it matters

Essential for SLA analysis and understanding if resources are correctly allocated to handle high-priority issues faster than low-priority ones.

Where to get

This corresponds to the 'priority' field in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object.

Examples
LowMediumHighUrgent
Resolution Time
ResolutionTime
The total time elapsed from when a service request was created to when it was resolved.
Description

Resolution Time is a critical case-level KPI that measures the end-to-end duration of the service process. It is calculated as the difference between the timestamp of the 'Ticket Resolved' activity and the 'Ticket Created' activity.

This attribute is a primary measure of process efficiency. It is used in nearly all service dashboards to track performance over time, compare performance across different categories, and identify cases that take an unusually long time to resolve. Reducing the average resolution time is often a key goal of process improvement initiatives.

Why it matters

This is a primary KPI for measuring process efficiency, showing the total time taken to solve a customer's issue from start to finish.

Where to get

Calculated field. It is the duration between the first event's timestamp (creation) and the timestamp of the 'Ticket Resolved' event for each Service Request.

Examples
25920000086400000604800000
Service Request Type
ServiceRequestType
The classification of the service request, such as 'Question', 'Incident', 'Problem', or 'Feature Request'.
Description

Service Request Type is a crucial categorization field that defines the nature of the customer's inquiry. This classification is typically set when the ticket is created or during an initial triage step and helps route the request to the appropriate team or agent.

In analysis, this attribute allows for segmenting the process to understand how different types of requests are handled. It helps answer questions like 'Do incidents take longer to resolve than questions?' and 'Which request types are most frequently reopened?'. This segmentation is key to identifying type-specific bottlenecks and optimizing workflows accordingly.

Why it matters

Allows for process segmentation to compare performance and workflows for different kinds of customer issues, like incidents versus questions.

Where to get

This is likely the 'type' field available in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object.

Examples
QuestionIncidentProblemFeature Request
Status
Status
The current or historical status of the service request, such as 'Open', 'Pending', 'Resolved', or 'Closed'.
Description

The Status attribute indicates the state of a service request at a given point in time. Status changes often represent key milestones in the process, for example, moving from 'Open' to 'Pending' when waiting for customer input, or from 'Pending' to 'Open' when the customer replies.

Tracking status changes is fundamental to understanding the ticket lifecycle. It helps identify how much time tickets spend in certain states, which is useful for pinpointing bottlenecks. For example, a long duration in the 'Pending' status could indicate delays in receiving information from customers.

Why it matters

Tracking status changes is key to understanding the ticket lifecycle and identifying how long cases spend in specific states like 'Pending' or 'On Hold'.

Where to get

This corresponds to the 'status' field in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object. Historical statuses need to be inferred from activity logs.

Examples
OpenPendingResolvedClosed
Agent Transfer Count
AgentTransferCount
The total number of times a service request was reassigned from one agent to another.
Description

This attribute is a case-level metric that counts the number of times a ticket's assigned agent changed. It is calculated by counting the occurrences of the 'Ticket Reassigned' activity for each service request.

Frequent transfers, also known as 'ping-ponging', can lead to significant delays and a frustrating customer experience as the context is lost with each handoff. Analyzing the transfer count helps to identify issues with initial routing, agent skill gaps, or process complexity. The goal is often to minimize unnecessary transfers to improve efficiency and customer satisfaction.

Why it matters

Measures the frequency of internal handoffs, which can be a major source of delay and customer frustration, helping to improve first-level resolution.

Where to get

Calculated field. This is the count of 'Ticket Reassigned' activities for each unique Service Request.

Examples
0132
Assigned Group
AssignedGroup
The team or department to which the service request is assigned.
Description

The Assigned Group represents the team of agents responsible for handling a specific service request. Tickets are often routed to specialized groups based on their type or complexity, such as 'Technical Support' or 'Billing Department'.

This attribute is valuable for analyzing inter-departmental handoffs and performance at a team level. It helps identify which groups handle the most tickets, which have the longest resolution times, and how often tickets are transferred between groups. This information is key for optimizing team structures and workflows.

Why it matters

Allows for performance analysis at the team or department level, highlighting handoffs and identifying group-specific bottlenecks.

Where to get

This corresponds to the 'group_id' field in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object.

Examples
L1 SupportL2 Technical SupportBillingCustomer Success
Communication Channel
CommunicationChannel
The channel through which the service request was initiated, such as 'Email', 'Phone', 'Chat', or 'Web Portal'.
Description

This attribute identifies the origin or channel of the customer communication. Different channels can have distinct process flows and resolution times. For example, a request initiated via chat might have a shorter expected resolution time than one submitted by email.

Analyzing the process by communication channel helps in optimizing resource allocation and understanding channel efficiency. It can reveal which channels are associated with faster resolutions or higher customer satisfaction, informing strategic decisions about which channels to promote or invest in.

Why it matters

Helps analyze process performance and efficiency across different customer contact channels like email, phone, or chat.

Where to get

This corresponds to the 'source' field in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object.

Examples
EmailPhoneWeb PortalChat
Customer Name
CustomerName
The name or ID of the customer who initiated the service request.
Description

This attribute identifies the customer associated with the service request. It provides a way to analyze the process from a customer-centric view, tracking all interactions for a specific customer over time.

Analyzing by customer can reveal patterns such as which customers submit the most tickets or which ones experience the most reopened issues. This can inform customer success initiatives and help in identifying customers who may be at risk of churn due to poor service experiences. It is also crucial for understanding the end-to-end customer journey across multiple service requests.

Why it matters

Enables a customer-centric process view, helping to identify frequent requesters or customers experiencing repeat issues.

Where to get

This information is linked via the 'requester_id' in the 'Tickets' object, which connects to the 'Contacts' or 'Users' object in Freshdesk.

Examples
John DoeJane SmithGlobal Tech Inc.
First Response Time
FirstResponseTime
The time elapsed from ticket creation to the first agent response to the customer.
Description

First Response Time measures how quickly a customer receives an initial, non-automated response from a service agent. It is calculated as the difference between the timestamp of the 'First Response Sent' activity and the 'Ticket Created' activity.

This KPI is a key indicator of service responsiveness and has a strong impact on customer satisfaction. A short first response time assures the customer that their issue has been acknowledged and is being addressed. Analyzing this metric helps organizations ensure they are meeting initial response SLAs and providing a prompt customer experience.

Why it matters

Measures service responsiveness, which is a key driver of customer satisfaction and directly addresses the goal of proactive service delivery.

Where to get

Calculated field. It is the duration between the timestamp of the 'Ticket Created' event and the 'First Response Sent' event.

Examples
3000009000001800000
Is Reopened
IsReopened
A boolean flag indicating whether a resolved service request was ever reopened.
Description

This case-level attribute is a flag that is set to true if a service request experienced a 'Ticket Reopened' activity at any point in its lifecycle. It provides a simple way to identify and analyze cases that required rework.

A high rate of reopened tickets suggests that the initial resolution was not effective or complete, leading to inefficiency and customer frustration. By filtering for reopened tickets, analysts can investigate the root causes, such as common reasons for reopening, which agents or teams have higher rates, and which ticket types are most prone to being reopened.

Why it matters

Identifies cases that required rework, a key indicator of resolution quality and process inefficiency. Analyzing these cases helps improve first-contact resolution.

Where to get

Calculated field. Set to true for a Service Request if an event with Activity = 'Ticket Reopened' exists for that case.

Examples
truefalse
Is SLA Breached
IsSlaBreached
A boolean flag indicating whether the service request resolution time exceeded the SLA target.
Description

This calculated attribute provides a clear, binary indicator of SLA compliance for each service request. It is derived by comparing the actual 'ResolutionTime' with the 'SlaTargetResolutionTime'. If the actual time is greater than the target, the flag is true.

This attribute simplifies analysis and dashboarding for SLA compliance. It allows for easy counting and filtering of breached tickets, enabling analysts to quickly identify the scale of SLA non-compliance and drill down into the process patterns of breached tickets to find root causes. It directly supports the SLA Compliance Overview dashboard and KPI.

Why it matters

Simplifies SLA compliance analysis by providing a clear flag for each case that failed to meet its target, enabling root cause analysis of breaches.

Where to get

This is a calculated field, derived by comparing the actual resolution timestamp with the 'SlaTargetResolutionTime' or 'due_by' field from Freshdesk.

Examples
truefalse
Last Data Update
LastDataUpdate
The timestamp indicating the last time the data was refreshed from the source system.
Description

This attribute records the date and time when the dataset was last extracted or updated from Freshdesk. It provides transparency into the freshness of the data being analyzed, which is critical for making timely and relevant business decisions.

Analysts use this information to understand the time window covered by the data and to confirm they are working with the most current information available. It is a key piece of metadata for any process mining dashboard or report, ensuring that stakeholders are aware of the data's recency.

Why it matters

Indicates the freshness of the data, ensuring that analyses and decisions are based on up-to-date information.

Where to get

This is a metadata field generated during the data extraction process, capturing the timestamp of the data pull.

Examples
2023-12-01T08:00:00Z
Product
Product
The product or service that the customer's request is related to.
Description

This attribute specifies the product or service line that is the subject of the service request. This is often a custom field configured in Freshdesk to help categorize tickets for routing and reporting.

By filtering the process by product, organizations can uncover product-specific issues. For instance, it can highlight if a certain product generates a disproportionate number of support tickets or if a new product launch is causing a spike in inquiries. This analysis provides valuable feedback to product development and management teams.

Why it matters

Allows for filtering the process by product area, providing insights into which products generate the most support requests or have the longest resolution times.

Where to get

This is typically a custom field. The exact location depends on the Freshdesk configuration, likely found in the 'custom_fields' part of the 'Tickets' API response.

Examples
Alpha PlatformBeta Mobile AppGamma Subscription
Satisfaction Rating
SatisfactionRating
The satisfaction score provided by the customer after the ticket was resolved.
Description

The Satisfaction Rating is a key outcome metric, typically collected via a survey sent after a ticket is resolved. It usually consists of a numerical score or a categorical rating like 'Satisfied', 'Neutral', or 'Unsatisfied'.

This attribute allows for correlating process patterns with customer outcomes. By analyzing the process variants that lead to low satisfaction scores, organizations can identify specific behaviors or delays that negatively impact the customer experience. This provides a direct link between process efficiency and customer happiness.

Why it matters

Links process execution to customer outcomes, helping to identify which process behaviors lead to high or low customer satisfaction.

Where to get

This data is part of the satisfaction ratings feature in Freshdesk and can be retrieved via the 'Surveys' or 'Satisfaction Ratings' API endpoint.

Examples
5314
SLA Target Resolution Time
SlaTargetResolutionTime
The contractually agreed upon or targeted time for resolving the service request.
Description

This attribute defines the target duration within which a service request should be resolved according to the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This target is often dependent on the ticket's priority or type.

This is a critical input for calculating SLA compliance. By comparing the actual resolution time to this target, a determination of 'Met' or 'Breached' can be made. Analyzing SLA performance across different request types, teams, or agents is a core part of service management.

Why it matters

Provides the baseline for measuring SLA compliance, a key performance indicator for any customer service organization.

Where to get

This may be available as a field like 'fr_due_by' (first response) or 'due_by' (resolution) in the Freshdesk 'Tickets' object, or it may need to be derived based on SLA policy rules.

Examples
2023-10-25T14:00:00Z2023-10-27T09:00:00Z2023-11-01T17:00:00Z
Source System
SourceSystem
The system from which the data was extracted, which is 'Freshdesk' in this case.
Description

This attribute identifies the source application where the process data originated. For this analysis, the value will be static, for example, 'Freshdesk', indicating that all events are from the Freshdesk customer service platform.

While it may seem simple, this attribute is important for data governance and in scenarios where data from multiple systems is merged. It provides clear lineage and context, ensuring that analysts understand the origin of the data they are examining. This is crucial for maintaining data integrity and building trust in the analysis.

Why it matters

Provides essential context about data origin, which is crucial for data governance and when combining data from multiple source systems.

Where to get

This is a static value, 'Freshdesk', added during the data transformation process to identify the data source.

Examples
Freshdesk
Required Recommended Optional

Customer Service Activities

These are the key process steps and significant milestones to capture in your event log for accurate process discovery and bottleneck identification.
5 Recommended 8 Optional
Activity Description
First Response Sent
Marks the first public reply sent by an agent to the customer after the ticket was created. Freshdesk explicitly captures this event to measure 'First Response Time' for SLA tracking.
Why it matters

This is a critical milestone for measuring customer responsiveness and SLA compliance. Analyzing the time to this activity helps identify delays in initial engagement with customers.

Where to get

This is a specific event that Freshdesk tracks for SLA purposes. It corresponds to the timestamp of the first public comment added by an agent.

Capture

Identified by the first public agent reply in the ticket's conversation history.

Event type explicit
Ticket Assigned
Represents the assignment of a ticket to a specific agent or group for handling. This event is explicitly logged in the ticket's history whenever the assigned agent or group field is populated or changed.
Why it matters

Tracking assignments is crucial for analyzing agent workload, identifying routing inefficiencies, and measuring time-to-assignment KPIs. It helps understand how work is distributed and where delays occur before work begins.

Where to get

Captured from the 'Ticket Activities' log where changes to the 'Agent' or 'Group' fields are recorded with a timestamp.

Capture

Event logged when the 'Assigned to' field is updated for an agent or group.

Event type explicit
Ticket Closed
This is the final activity, representing the permanent closure of the ticket. This is often performed automatically by the system after a set period of time in the 'Resolved' state without any new customer replies.
Why it matters

This activity marks the definitive end of the service request lifecycle. It provides the final endpoint for accurate end-to-end cycle time calculations.

Where to get

Captured from the 'Ticket Activities' log, which records the final status change to 'Closed'. This is often triggered by a system automation.

Capture

Event logged when the ticket's 'Status' field is updated to 'Closed'.

Event type explicit
Ticket Created
This is the first event in the customer service lifecycle, representing the moment a customer's request is formally logged in Freshdesk. This activity is captured explicitly when a new ticket is generated, either through email, a portal, phone, or API integration.
Why it matters

This activity serves as the starting point for every case, making it essential for calculating overall resolution times and analyzing ticket volume trends by channel or type.

Where to get

This is an explicit event in the Freshdesk 'Ticket Activities' log. It is generated automatically upon the creation of a new ticket record.

Capture

Directly logged in the ticket's activity stream upon creation.

Event type explicit
Ticket Resolved
Represents the key milestone where the agent has provided a solution and changed the ticket status to 'Resolved'. This is an explicit status change recorded in the ticket's history.
Why it matters

This activity marks the end of the active work on a ticket and is the basis for measuring resolution time. It is a critical event for analyzing agent performance and overall process efficiency.

Where to get

Captured from the 'Ticket Activities' log, which records the specific status change to 'Resolved' along with a timestamp.

Capture

Event logged when the ticket's 'Status' field is updated to 'Resolved'.

Event type explicit
Customer Responded
Represents a new reply or communication received from the customer. This is an explicit event in the ticket's conversation thread and typically triggers a status change from 'Pending' back to 'Open'.
Why it matters

This activity is key to understanding the back-and-forth nature of customer interactions and measuring customer response times. It also restarts any paused SLA timers, impacting compliance metrics.

Where to get

Logged as a new entry in the ticket's conversation thread. The event is associated with the customer's contact record.

Capture

A new public note added to the ticket by the customer contact.

Event type explicit
Internal Note Added
An agent adds a private note to the ticket, intended for internal collaboration with other agents. This is an explicit event captured in the ticket's activity stream, visible only to agents.
Why it matters

Tracking internal notes helps analyze collaboration patterns and identify issues that require significant internal discussion. High frequency of internal notes before resolution may indicate complex issues or knowledge gaps.

Where to get

Recorded as a 'Private Note' in the ticket's conversation history, distinguishable from public replies to the customer.

Capture

Event logged when an agent adds a note marked as 'Private'.

Event type explicit
Satisfaction Survey Sent
Represents the sending of a customer satisfaction survey, typically triggered by an automation rule after a ticket is resolved. This event may be captured if the automation action is logged in the ticket's history.
Why it matters

Marks the beginning of the feedback collection process. Correlating survey responses with process variants can provide deep insights into how process performance impacts customer satisfaction.

Where to get

This is typically triggered by an 'Automation Rule'. Its visibility as a discrete event in the ticket activity log depends on Freshdesk's logging configuration for automations.

Capture

Event logged by an automation rule execution after ticket resolution.

Event type explicit
SLA Breached
A calculated event that occurs when the time taken to respond or resolve a ticket exceeds the defined SLA policy target. Freshdesk tracks SLA status and marks tickets as 'violated', which can be used to derive this activity.
Why it matters

This activity directly supports SLA compliance analysis by pinpointing exactly when and where service level commitments are not met. It is critical for identifying systemic causes of delays.

Where to get

This event is inferred or calculated by observing the 'SLA' status of a ticket. An activity can be generated when the ticket's SLA status changes to 'Violated' or by comparing response/resolution timestamps against SLA targets.

Capture

Derive from ticket data when 'Time to Resolve' exceeds the 'SLA Target Resolution Time'.

Event type calculated
Status Changed to Pending
This activity occurs when an agent is waiting for information from the customer and changes the ticket status to 'Pending'. This event is explicitly logged as a status change in the ticket's activity history.
Why it matters

Identifies periods where the process is paused awaiting external input. Analyzing time spent in this status helps quantify customer-side delays and supports SLA compliance analysis, as SLA timers are often paused in this state.

Where to get

Captured from the 'Ticket Activities' log, which records all status changes, including the transition to 'Pending'.

Capture

Event logged when the ticket's 'Status' field is updated to 'Pending'.

Event type explicit
Ticket Priority Changed
This event occurs when an agent or an automation rule changes the priority level of a ticket, such as from 'Low' to 'High'. This is recorded as an explicit update in the ticket's activity log.
Why it matters

Changes in priority can signal escalations or a re-evaluation of the issue's urgency. Analyzing these changes helps understand escalation drivers and their impact on resolution time.

Where to get

Captured from the 'Ticket Activities' log, which records all changes to ticket properties, including the 'Priority' field.

Capture

Event logged when the 'Priority' field value is updated.

Event type explicit
Ticket Reassigned
Occurs when a ticket is transferred from one agent or group to another after the initial assignment. This is an explicit event captured in the ticket's activity log as a change to the owner.
Why it matters

Frequent reassignments, or a high agent-to-agent transfer rate, often indicate incorrect initial routing or siloed knowledge. This analysis helps pinpoint opportunities to improve first-contact resolution.

Where to get

Tracked via changes to the 'Agent' or 'Group' fields in the 'Ticket Activities' log after the first assignment.

Capture

A subsequent update to the 'Assigned to' field after an initial assignment was made.

Event type explicit
Ticket Reopened
This activity occurs when a customer replies to a ticket that is already in a 'Resolved' state, which automatically changes its status back to 'Open'. This is an explicit event logged by the system.
Why it matters

A high reopen rate indicates that initial solutions are not effective, leading to rework and customer dissatisfaction. Analyzing this activity is essential for the 'Ticket Re-opening Analysis' and improving first-contact resolution.

Where to get

This event is captured when a customer reply triggers an automatic status change from 'Resolved' back to 'Open'. This status change is recorded in the 'Ticket Activities' log.

Capture

Status change from 'Resolved' to 'Open' triggered by a customer interaction.

Event type explicit
Recommended Optional

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