Data Template: Incident Management
Your Incident Management Data Template
- Recommended attributes to collect
- Key activities to track
- Extraction guidance for Jira Service Management
Incident Management Attributes
| Name | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Activity
ActivityName
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The name of the specific event or status change that occurred for the incident. | ||
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Description
The Activity represents a distinct step or event in the incident management lifecycle, such as 'Incident Created', 'Incident Assigned', or 'Resolution Proposed'. These are typically derived from status transitions or specific update events recorded in the Jira issue's history or changelog. Analyzing the sequence and duration of these activities is the primary goal of process mining, revealing the actual process flow, bottlenecks, and deviations.
Why it matters
Activities form the backbone of the process map, allowing for visualization and analysis of the incident lifecycle.
Where to get
Derived from the Jira issue history and changelog data, capturing status transitions and key field updates.
Examples
Incident AssignedInvestigation StartedIncident Resolved
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Incident ID
IncidentId
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The unique identifier for each incident ticket in Jira Service Management. | ||
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Description
The Incident ID, often referred to as the Issue Key in Jira, serves as the primary unique identifier for each reported incident. It links all associated activities, comments, and status changes from the moment of creation through to final closure. In process mining, this ID is essential for reconstructing the end-to-end lifecycle of every individual incident, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the entire process.
Why it matters
This is the core identifier used to correlate all related events into a single case, making it the foundation for any process mining analysis.
Where to get
This is the standard 'Key' field for an issue in Jira Service Management (e.g., 'ITSM-123').
Examples
INC-10234HELPDESK-5678OPS-9901
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Start Time
EventTimestamp
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The exact date and time when the activity occurred. | ||
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Description
This attribute records the timestamp for every activity in the incident's lifecycle. It is crucial for calculating durations, cycle times, and wait times between different steps in the process. Accurate timestamps allow for detailed performance analysis, SLA monitoring, and bottleneck identification. All performance metrics, such as resolution time and diagnosis duration, are derived from these timestamps.
Why it matters
Timestamps are essential for calculating all time-based metrics, understanding process duration, and discovering performance bottlenecks.
Where to get
This is the 'created' date associated with each entry in the Jira issue's changelog or history.
Examples
2023-10-26T10:00:00Z2023-10-26T10:05:14Z2023-10-27T14:30:00Z
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Last Data Update
LastDataUpdate
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The timestamp indicating the last time the data was refreshed from the source system. | ||
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Description
This attribute records when the dataset was last updated. It provides critical context to anyone analyzing the process, ensuring they are aware of the data's freshness. This is especially important for ongoing monitoring dashboards where up-to-date information is crucial for making timely decisions. The value is typically the same for all events within a single data extraction batch.
Why it matters
Informs users about the timeliness of the data, which is crucial for the relevance and accuracy of the analysis.
Where to get
This is the timestamp of the data extraction run, added during the data transformation process.
Examples
2023-10-27T08:00:00Z2023-10-28T08:00:00Z
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Source System
SourceSystem
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The system from which the data was extracted. | ||
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Description
This attribute identifies the origin of the data, which in this case is Jira Service Management. It is particularly useful in environments where data from multiple systems is combined for a holistic process view. Specifying the source system ensures data lineage is clear and helps in diagnosing data quality or extraction issues. For this model, the value would be static.
Why it matters
Provides essential context about data origin, ensuring clarity and traceability, especially in multi-system analysis.
Where to get
This is a static value that should be added during the data extraction process.
Examples
Jira Service ManagementJira Cloud
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Assignee
Assignee
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The user currently assigned to work on the incident. | ||
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Description
The Assignee is the individual agent or user responsible for the incident at a given point in time. Tracking changes to the assignee is critical for analyzing handoffs, understanding workload distribution, and identifying which individuals are involved in specific process steps. This attribute helps answer questions about individual performance and resource allocation within the support teams.
Why it matters
Helps track individual workload, identify bottlenecks related to specific agents, and analyze the impact of handoffs on resolution time.
Where to get
The standard 'Assignee' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
John SmithEmily JonesServiceDeskAgent1
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Assignment Group
AssignmentGroup
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The team or group responsible for handling the incident. | ||
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Description
The Assignment Group represents the team assigned to the incident. This could be a support tier like 'L1 Helpdesk', a specialized team like 'Network Operations', or a development team. Analyzing transitions between assignment groups is key to understanding process escalations and handoffs. It allows for the measurement of team performance, identification of team-level bottlenecks, and analysis of inter-team dependencies.
Why it matters
Crucial for analyzing team performance, throughput, and the flow of work between different support tiers or specialized groups.
Where to get
This is often implemented as a custom field in Jira, such as 'Team' or 'Assignment Group'. It can sometimes be derived from Jira Components or Project Roles.
Examples
Tier 1 SupportInfrastructure TeamDatabase Administrators
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Created Date
CreatedDate
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The date and time when the incident was first created in the system. | ||
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Description
This attribute marks the official start of the incident lifecycle. It is the baseline timestamp from which overall metrics like total resolution time are calculated. The creation date is a static value for each incident and serves as the starting point for the entire case in the process mining analysis.
Why it matters
Acts as the starting point for all end-to-end cycle time calculations and SLA measurements.
Where to get
The standard 'Created' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
2023-10-26T09:58:12Z2023-11-01T15:20:05Z
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Priority
Priority
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The priority level assigned to the incident, indicating the urgency of resolution. | ||
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Description
Priority determines the required speed for addressing an incident. It is often a combination of impact and urgency and directly influences SLA targets. Analyzing incidents by priority helps to understand if high-priority incidents are being handled faster than low-priority ones and if prioritization is being applied consistently. It's a critical dimension for filtering and comparing process performance.
Why it matters
Essential for SLA performance analysis and for verifying that resources are correctly allocated to the most critical incidents.
Where to get
The standard 'Priority' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
HighestHighMediumLow
|
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Resolution Cycle Time
IncidentResolutionCycleTime
|
The total time elapsed from incident creation to resolution. | ||
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Description
This is a calculated metric representing the duration from the 'CreatedDate' to the 'ResolutionDate'. It is one of the most important KPIs in incident management, directly measuring the efficiency of the entire process. Analyzing this metric across different dimensions like priority, assignment group, or component helps to identify which factors have the biggest impact on performance.
Why it matters
Directly measures the end-to-end efficiency of the incident management process and is a primary KPI for performance tracking.
Where to get
Calculated as ('ResolutionDate' - 'CreatedDate').
Examples
2h 30m1d 4h5d 1h 15m
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Resolution Date
ResolutionDate
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The date and time when the incident was marked as resolved. | ||
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Description
This attribute captures the timestamp when the incident was first moved into a resolved status. It marks the end of the active work phase and is the endpoint for calculating the Time to Resolution. Comparing the resolution date with the creation date provides the primary measure of process efficiency. It is also a key component in determining SLA compliance.
Why it matters
Marks the end of the resolution process, enabling the calculation of total cycle time and SLA performance.
Where to get
The standard 'Resolved' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
2023-10-28T11:20:30Z2023-11-02T10:00:00Z
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Status
Status
|
The current stage of the incident in its lifecycle. | ||
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Description
The Status field indicates the current state of an incident within the defined workflow, such as 'Open', 'In Progress', 'Pending Customer', or 'Resolved'. Status changes are the primary source for generating the activity log for process mining. Analyzing the time spent in each status is fundamental to identifying bottlenecks and understanding where incidents spend the most time.
Why it matters
Directly reflects the incident's progress and is the primary source for identifying process steps and wait times.
Where to get
The standard 'Status' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
In ProgressWaiting for customerResolvedClosed
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Component
Component
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The system, application, or part of the infrastructure affected by the incident. | ||
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Description
Components are sub-sections of a Jira project used to group issues into smaller parts, such as 'User Interface', 'Database', or 'API'. Analyzing incidents by component helps to pinpoint which parts of a system are most prone to issues. This information is valuable for root cause analysis and can guide efforts for service improvement or technical debt reduction.
Why it matters
Allows for filtering and analysis based on the specific product or system area affected, helping to identify technology hotspots.
Where to get
The standard 'Components' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
Authentication ServiceReporting DashboardMobile App
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Customer Request Type
CustomerRequestType
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The specific type of request submitted by the customer through the service portal. | ||
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Description
This field categorizes requests from the customer's point of view, as presented on the Jira Service Management portal (e.g., 'Report a system issue'). It provides a user-friendly classification of the incident, which can differ from the internal 'Issue Type'. Analyzing this attribute can offer insights into how customers perceive and report issues, helping to improve portal design and service offerings.
Why it matters
Provides a customer-centric view of incident categories, which is useful for analyzing demand and improving the customer experience.
Where to get
The 'Customer Request Type' field, specific to Jira Service Management projects.
Examples
Get IT help > Report a system issueEmail > Access request
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Handoff Count
HandoffCount
|
The number of times the incident was reassigned to a different group or user. | ||
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Description
This calculated metric counts the number of times the 'Assignee' or 'AssignmentGroup' field changed during the incident's lifecycle. A high handoff count often indicates process inefficiency, lack of first-call resolution, or knowledge gaps, leading to longer resolution times. Analyzing this KPI helps to streamline the assignment process and improve team collaboration.
Why it matters
Quantifies process friction and inefficiency caused by reassignments, helping to identify opportunities for process improvement.
Where to get
Calculated by counting the number of changes to the 'Assignee' or 'AssignmentGroup' field in the issue changelog.
Examples
015
|
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Is Rework
IsRework
|
A flag indicating if the incident has undergone rework, such as being reopened. | ||
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Description
This calculated boolean attribute identifies incidents that have been sent back to a previous stage in the process, most commonly by being reopened after they were resolved. Rework loops are a significant source of inefficiency and customer dissatisfaction. This flag allows for easy quantification of the rework rate and helps to focus analysis on why incidents are failing to be resolved correctly the first time.
Why it matters
Highlights process quality issues and inefficiencies by flagging incidents that require repeated work, directly supporting rework analysis.
Where to get
Calculated by detecting specific sequences of status transitions in the event log, such as 'Resolved' -> 'Reopened'.
Examples
truefalse
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Issue Type
IssueType
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The type of issue, such as Incident, Service Request, or Problem. | ||
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Description
Jira uses Issue Types to distinguish between different kinds of tasks. In an Incident Management context, the primary type is 'Incident', but others like 'Sub-task' might also be relevant. This attribute is crucial for filtering the dataset to include only incidents, ensuring that the process mining analysis is focused on the correct process.
Why it matters
Ensures the analysis is correctly scoped to incidents, separating them from other work types like service requests or changes.
Where to get
The standard 'Issue Type' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
IncidentIT HelpBug
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Linked Problem ID
LinkedProblemId
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The identifier of a problem ticket that is linked to this incident. | ||
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Description
Incidents that are symptoms of a larger, underlying issue are often linked to a Problem ticket. This field stores the ID of that associated Problem. Analyzing these links helps to understand the relationship between incidents and problems, measure the effectiveness of the problem management process, and identify recurring incidents that require a permanent fix.
Why it matters
Connects incidents to underlying problems, enabling analysis of how effectively the organization addresses root causes to prevent future incidents.
Where to get
This information is stored in the 'Issue Links' section of a Jira issue.
Examples
PROB-123PROB-456None
|
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Reporter
Reporter
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The user who initially created or reported the incident. | ||
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Description
The Reporter is the individual, often an end-user or another system, who first logged the incident. Analyzing incidents by reporter can help identify users or departments that frequently experience issues. It can also be used to understand communication patterns, especially when analyzing activities like 'Waiting for Customer' and 'Customer Responded'.
Why it matters
Helps to analyze incident sources, identify patterns related to specific users or departments, and understand customer interaction delays.
Where to get
The standard 'Reporter' field on a Jira issue.
Examples
Alice JohnsonBob Williamsmonitoring-tool@example.com
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Resolution
Resolution
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The final outcome or reason for resolving the incident. | ||
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Description
The Resolution field explains why an incident was moved to a resolved state. Common resolutions include 'Fixed', 'Duplicate', 'Won't Do', or 'Cannot Reproduce'. Analyzing the distribution of resolution types can provide insights into the quality of incoming reports and the effectiveness of the resolution process. For example, a high number of 'Duplicate' resolutions may indicate a problem in the incident creation or triage stage.
Why it matters
Gives context to the outcome of an incident, helping to categorize resolutions and identify trends in how incidents are closed.
Where to get
The standard 'Resolution' field on a Jira issue. This field is typically set when an issue is transitioned to a 'Done' status category.
Examples
DoneFixedDuplicateWon't Fix
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Root Cause Category
RootCauseCategory
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The classification of the underlying root cause of the incident. | ||
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Description
This attribute captures the fundamental reason why the incident occurred, such as 'Software Defect', 'Hardware Failure', or 'User Error'. It is typically populated after investigation and is essential for effective problem management and prevention of future incidents. Analyzing root cause categories helps to identify systemic weaknesses and prioritize improvement initiatives. A high rate of 'Unknown' root causes may signal a need for better investigation processes.
Why it matters
Enables root cause analysis, helping to move from a reactive to a proactive approach by identifying and addressing the sources of incidents.
Where to get
This is almost always a custom field in Jira. The name and options are highly dependent on the organization's specific configuration.
Examples
Configuration ErrorNetwork OutageSoftware Bug
|
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Severity
Severity
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The measure of the business impact of the incident. | ||
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Description
Severity defines how much impact an incident has on the business, from a single user being affected to a critical system outage. While Priority dictates the order of work, Severity informs the overall business impact. Analyzing by severity helps in understanding the process performance for incidents that matter most to the business and is often used in combination with Priority for a more nuanced analysis.
Why it matters
Provides a view of business impact, allowing for analysis focused on the most damaging incidents to business operations.
Where to get
Typically a custom field in Jira, as it is not a standard system field. Consult Jira Service Management project configuration.
Examples
CriticalMajorMinorTrivial
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SLA Breach
SlaBreach
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A flag indicating whether the incident resolution time exceeded the SLA target. | ||
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Description
This calculated boolean attribute indicates if an incident has breached its 'Time to Resolution' SLA. It is true if the 'IncidentResolutionCycleTime' is greater than the 'TimeToResolutionTarget'. This flag simplifies analysis and visualization, allowing for easy filtering and aggregation to calculate the overall SLA Breach Rate KPI. It is the key outcome measure for the SLA Performance Monitoring dashboard.
Why it matters
Provides a clear, binary outcome for SLA performance, making it simple to calculate breach rates and identify problem areas.
Where to get
Calculated as ('IncidentResolutionCycleTime' > 'TimeToResolutionTarget').
Examples
truefalse
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Time To Resolution Target
TimeToResolutionTarget
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The SLA target duration for resolving the incident. | ||
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Description
This attribute defines the expected maximum time within which an incident of a certain priority or type should be resolved. It is the benchmark against which actual resolution time is measured to determine SLA compliance. This value is typically set dynamically based on rules considering factors like priority, severity, or issue type. It is fundamental for any SLA performance monitoring dashboard.
Why it matters
Provides the benchmark for measuring SLA compliance, forming the basis for the Incident SLA Breach Rate KPI.
Where to get
This is derived from the SLA configuration within Jira Service Management. The specific goal (e.g., 'Time to resolution') must be identified.
Examples
4h8h3d
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Incident Management Activities
| Activity | Description | ||
|---|---|---|---|
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Incident Closed
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Represents the final, administrative closure of the incident ticket after it has been resolved and verified. This is inferred from the status transition to 'Closed'. | ||
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Why it matters
This is the terminal event of the process. Analyzing the time between 'Resolved' and 'Closed' can reveal delays in administrative cleanup or user confirmation processes.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue's status change history. The event corresponds to the timestamp when the status transitions to the final 'Closed' state.
Capture
Identify the timestamp of the status transition to 'Closed'.
Event type
inferred
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Incident Created
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Marks the official start of the incident lifecycle when an incident report is submitted and a new issue is created in Jira. This event is captured explicitly when a new issue of the 'Incident' type is logged in the system. | ||
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Why it matters
This is the primary start event for the process. Analyzing the time from this activity to resolution is fundamental for measuring overall cycle time and SLA adherence.
Where to get
This is an explicit event captured from the 'created' timestamp of the incident issue in Jira. The issue creation event is logged in the issue's history.
Capture
Use the issue creation timestamp.
Event type
explicit
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Incident Reassigned
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Occurs when an incident is transferred from one agent or group to another after the initial assignment. This event is inferred from any change in the 'Assignee' or 'Assigned Group' field. | ||
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Why it matters
Tracking reassignments is crucial for handoff analysis. A high number of reassignments often indicates process inefficiencies, knowledge gaps, or incorrect initial routing, leading to resolution delays.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue history by detecting any update to the 'Assignee' field after it was first populated. Each change constitutes a reassignment event.
Capture
Identify subsequent changes to the 'Assignee' field after the initial assignment.
Event type
inferred
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Incident Resolved
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This activity marks the confirmation that the incident has been successfully resolved and the service is restored. It often coincides with the transition to the 'Resolved' status. | ||
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Why it matters
This is the primary success milestone in the process. The duration until this point is the most common KPI, representing the Time to Resolution (TTR).
Where to get
Inferred from the status change to 'Resolved'. In many workflows, this is the same event as 'Resolution Proposed', representing the main resolution point.
Capture
Identify the timestamp of the status transition to 'Resolved'.
Event type
inferred
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Investigation Started
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Indicates that an assigned agent has started actively working on diagnosing the incident. This is typically inferred when the incident issue status is transitioned from 'Open' or 'New' to 'In Progress'. | ||
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Why it matters
This key milestone marks the beginning of active resolution efforts. Measuring the time until this activity helps identify initial queuing delays and resource availability issues.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue's status change history. The event timestamp is when the status transitions to a state representing active work, such as 'In Progress'.
Capture
Identify the timestamp of the status transition to 'In Progress'.
Event type
inferred
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Resolution Proposed
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This activity indicates that a resolution has been identified and implemented, and the incident is awaiting confirmation or final validation. It's inferred from the status transition to 'Resolved'. | ||
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Why it matters
This is a major milestone that signifies the end of active work by the support team. It is often the event that stops the SLA clock.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue's status change history. The event timestamp is when the status transitions to 'Resolved' or an equivalent state.
Capture
Identify the timestamp of the status transition to 'Resolved'.
Event type
inferred
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Waiting For Customer
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Marks a point where the support team is awaiting information or action from the customer. This is inferred from a status transition to a dedicated waiting status like 'Waiting for customer'. | ||
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Why it matters
Isolating this 'on-hold' time is critical for accurate SLA measurement, as it is often excluded from resolution time calculations. It helps analyze customer response delays.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue's status change history. The event corresponds to the timestamp when the status changes to 'Waiting for customer' or a similar state.
Capture
Identify the timestamp of the status transition to 'Waiting for customer'.
Event type
inferred
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Comment Added
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Represents any communication or note-taking event where a user adds a comment to the incident ticket. This is an explicit event captured every time a comment is posted. | ||
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Why it matters
Analyzing comment frequency can provide insights into communication patterns, collaboration efficiency, and the complexity of an incident. It can highlight incidents requiring excessive communication.
Where to get
This is an explicit event. Jira stores every comment with a timestamp and author, available through the issue's comment history or the API.
Capture
Use the timestamp of each comment added to the issue.
Event type
explicit
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Customer Responded
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Indicates that the customer has provided the requested information, and the incident can proceed. This is inferred when the status moves out of 'Waiting for customer' back into an active status. | ||
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Why it matters
This activity marks the end of a customer-induced delay. Analyzing the duration between 'Waiting For Customer' and this event reveals the average customer response time.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue's status change history. The event occurs when the status transitions from 'Waiting for customer' to a status like 'In Progress', often triggered by the customer adding a comment.
Capture
Detect status change from 'Waiting for customer' to 'In Progress'.
Event type
inferred
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Escalated To Specialist Team
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Signifies that the incident has been escalated to a specialized team (e.g., Tier 2, Development) for advanced support. This is inferred from a change in a custom 'Support Team' field or a specific reassignment. | ||
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Why it matters
Highlights incidents that require specialized knowledge and tracks the flow between different support levels. This helps identify bottlenecks within specialized teams and analyze escalation patterns.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue history by tracking changes to a custom field representing the assigned team or by identifying an 'Assignee' change to a member of a known specialist group.
Capture
Detect a change in a custom field for 'Assigned Team' or specific assignee changes.
Event type
inferred
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Incident Assigned
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This activity signifies the initial assignment of the incident to a support agent or group for handling. It is captured by tracking the first time the 'Assignee' or 'Assigned Group' field is populated. | ||
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Why it matters
Measures the initial response and assignment time, which is a key component of SLA metrics. It helps identify delays before active investigation begins.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue history by identifying the first change to the 'Assignee' field where the previous value was 'Unassigned'.
Capture
Detect the first update to the 'Assignee' field in the issue history.
Event type
inferred
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Incident Prioritized
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Represents the setting of the incident's priority and/or severity, which dictates its urgency and business impact. This is typically inferred from the first time the 'Priority' or 'Severity' fields are populated or updated after creation. | ||
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Why it matters
Tracking prioritization helps analyze if incidents are assessed promptly and consistently. Delays in this step can directly impact SLA calculations and resource allocation.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue history log, which tracks changes to all fields. Look for the first update to the 'Priority' or a custom 'Severity' field after the issue creation event.
Capture
Detect the first change to the 'Priority' field in the issue history.
Event type
inferred
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Incident Reopened
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Represents a situation where a previously resolved incident is reactivated because the issue reoccurred or the fix was ineffective. This is inferred by a status change from 'Resolved' or 'Closed' back to an open status. | ||
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Why it matters
Reopened incidents are a direct measure of resolution quality and a primary indicator of rework. Analyzing these events helps identify premature closures and ineffective solutions.
Where to get
Inferred from the issue's status change history. The event is logged when the status moves from a terminal state like 'Resolved' or 'Closed' back to 'Open' or 'In Progress'.
Capture
Detect status change from 'Resolved' or 'Closed' to an open status.
Event type
inferred
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Linked To Problem Ticket
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Occurs when an incident is linked to a 'Problem' issue for root cause analysis. This is an explicit event captured when a 'relates to' or 'caused by' link is created to a Problem issue type. | ||
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Why it matters
Tracking this link is essential for understanding how effectively the organization transitions from incident mitigation to root cause analysis and prevention.
Where to get
This is an explicit event logged in the issue's link history. Each link creation has a timestamp and can be filtered for links to the 'Problem' issue type.
Capture
Use the timestamp of the creation of an issue link to a 'Problem' issue type.
Event type
explicit
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Workaround Provided
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Represents the implementation of a temporary fix to restore service while a permanent solution is being developed. This can be inferred from a status change or a specific comment. | ||
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Why it matters
Measuring the time to provide a workaround is a key indicator of service restoration speed. It helps differentiate between temporary mitigation and permanent resolution.
Where to get
This is often inferred. It could be a transition to a 'Workaround Provided' status or the addition of a public comment containing specific keywords like 'workaround'.
Capture
Identify a specific status transition or keyword in a comment.
Event type
inferred
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